Pholela Lecture 2024 was hosted by The College of Medicine of South Africa in Cape Town on 20 November 2024. The Pholela Lecture is the eponymous annual lecture of the College of Public Health Medicine, a constituent college of the Colleges of Medicine of South Africa. It is delivered by a public health medicine specialist to commemorate the contributions of the Pholela Health Centre to health systems strengthening and population health improvement. The 2024 Pholela Lectureship was awarded to Dr Krishna Vallabjhee for his outstanding contribution to health services in South Africa over a long and distinguished career. He is currently providing technical support for the development of South Africa’s District Health System Strategy 2024 – 2030 and currently serves as Adjunct Associate Professor in the Health Systems and Policy Division at the UCT School of Public Health.